Blue Condor makes Airbus’ first full hydrogen-powered flight

The modified glider at the center of Airbus UpNext’s hydrogen contrail-studying experiment, Blue Condor, made its first hydrogen-powered flight over Nevada in the United States on Nov. 8. The flight was the company’s first-ever to use hydrogen as the sole fuel source, and it kicked off a test campaign that will conclude in a contrail-measuring mission in early 2024.

Hydrogen offers aviation a path to low-carbon operations, yet its combustion produces contrails just like conventional jet fuel. Hydrogen contrails, however, differ significantly. They don’t contain soot or sulfur oxides but do hold nitrous oxides and a lot of water vapor: up to 2.5x more than kerosene contrails. Both are considered climate-impacting emissions, and as such the aviation industry has a duty to address them.

Therefore, as part of the ZEROe project, Airbus is committed to studying the composition of these little-understood hydrogen contrails. Using a modified Arcus-J glider, Airbus UpNext’s Blue Condor project will take a small hydrogen-combustion engine as high as 30,000ft and compare its emissions to a similar-sized kerosene engine, flying alongside onboard a second aircraft. Both gliders are operated by The Perlan Project and the hydrogen engine was assembled by German company Aero Design Works.

Blue Condor’s Nov. 8, 2023 flight lasted around 30 minutes, and its aim was to increase the hydrogen engine’s thrust to 7,000ft while stabilizing the aircraft at different speeds. Two further flights have taken place since, performing tests including an engine start at 10,000ft.

The Blue Condor team plans to operate a first contrail-studying operation during Nevada’s cold-weather window early next year. Then, the Arcus-J will be towed to test altitude by a Grob Egrett aircraft instrumented by the German aerospace lab DLR. This chase aircraft will then follow behind, using sensors to collect and analyze contrail and atmospheric data. The flight promises to be a big step in furthering understanding of hydrogen’s climate impact, and ultimately in reaching Airbus’ ZEROe target entry into service in 2035.